About Carol Duke

Carol Duke is an artist and farmer, who has given much of the last thirty years to caring for her twenty-one acre hillside farm in Western Massachusetts. Her greatest joy in working with the land has been to see how her farm has become home to a diverse community of wildlife. Through her blog Flower Hill Farm, Carol shares the beauty of living closely with nature and how with careful consideration of conservation and only using organic practices, while being a steward to the land, one can create a true sanctuary for native flora and fauna.  Her facebookand twitter pages are used mostly for action alerts to inspire activism towards protecting wild places and wildlife the world over. Flower Hill Farm has also become a Retreat for guests visiting the area from all over the world.

A Bestiary: Part Eighteen ~ Songbirds: Warblers ~ Chestnut-sided Warbler

'A Bestiary . . . Tales From A Wildlife Garden' continues, as hundreds of migratory songbirds have returned to the northeast and Flower Hill Farm where they are busily finishing off nests and incubating their eggs. Songbirds or perching birds, more scientifically known as passerines, are of the order Passeriformes and make up more than fifty percent of all bird species. I open this section of songbirds by sharing some of the awesome warblers that visit and breed here in our diverse wildlife habitat.  Warblers or 'wood warblers' are small, have brightly painted plumage and are mostly insectivorous songbirds. The nomenclature can be confusing as there are Old World Warblers, New World Warblers and Australian Warblers. In Peterson's Field Guide 'Warblers' it is stated "There are some 115 species of New World warblers, of which slightly more than half occur in North America north of Mexico."  I have only sighted a little over a dozen warblers in our Western Massachusetts habitat thus far.  The Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica, is an ideal warbler to begin this series . . .  as it stands out from other warblers . . . easily recognizable by the greenish-yellow cap and the bold reddish-brown chestnut streak down its side.    When opening my studio window, during the dawn hour, nearly two weeks ago, I counted twenty-one different species trilling in the new day. Like an orchestra tuning up before a performance, each bird sings out its own special song in unison transporting this listener to a state of awe and wonder. The Chestnut-sided Warbler's warbling song was among those I could pick out.  Sometimes one of his song's (rather polite) ending "pleased, pleased, pleased to MEETCHA", sung mostly when attracting a female, helps to identify this uniquely marked warbler and this particular rendition may help the male in securing a mate too.    Chestnut-sided Warblers prefer to breed in a shrubby understory of a second growth deciduous wood. The female chooses a location . . . building her nest about 6 feet up in a shrub or small tree. The pair will raise two broods and may build the second nest near to where the first brood was successfully reared.  A fine male above, perching on a mountain-laurel, beautifully displays his dark mustache or perhaps more like a sideburn.    This female or juvenile male Chestnut-sided Warbler does not have a full line of chestnut going down its side, as seen in the adult male, and the overall appearance is less vibrant. The black lines through the eye and going down the side of the face is also not developed in this warbler.  It can be confusing to identify the sexes as their plumage changes throughout the seasons.  I seem to have startled the warbler as she stretches into fear and a different persona.    I have enjoyed greeting and observing these warblers for several years now and it is possible the same birds are returning year after year. From greenish-yellow, crowned head to the tip of their tail, the Chestnut-sided Warbler reaches just over four inches long.    I often see the small passerines gleaning insects and arachnids from leaves in our shrubberies and have read that the Chestnut-sided Warblers will also harvest berries in their winter habitat of Central America.    A female preparing a delectable dinner of centipede for her brood of three or five.      These little warblers flit about rapidly through the shrubs at Flower Hill Farm . . . making them a challenge to capture as the foliage and their markings creates a capable camouflage.    One early spring morning a few years ago, while working in the blueberry field, I sighted these two male Chestnut-sided Warblers competing for the rights to this 'territory'.    They seem to come to an understanding rather quickly allowing the winner to get back to the important business of attracting his mate. He promptly perches on a higher blueberry branch and begins composing sweet chirrups and warbles.    All through the breeding period, Chestnut-sided Warblers add to the musical sounds within the gardens. I hope I am wrong but it seems to me that there are less songs filling the air so far this year. Perhaps the cooler spring here is the cause . . . though scientist have been documenting declines in songbirds since the 1980's . . . Partners in Flight is one organization of many that is working on conservation for our beloved migratory songbirds.  I have sighted the Chestnut-sided Warbler in the blueberry fields again this spring and hope to be able to capture some new images too. I cannot imagine life without this thrilling transformation that our migratory songbirds bring each spring. Joining others through education and outreach can help make a difference in protecting our birds by more people learning about the importance of planting native plants.

  ‘A Bestiary . . . Tales From A Wildlife Garden’ continues, as hundreds of migratory songbirds have returned to the northeast and Flower Hill Farm where they are busily finishing off nests and incubating their eggs. Songbirds or perching birds, more scientifically known as passerines, are of the order Passeriformes and make up more [...]

A Bestiary: Part Seventeen ~ Woodpeckers: Northern Flicker

Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus

As spring finally unfolds here in Western Massachusetts, the final featured woodpecker of my ‘A Bestiary’ has just returned to Flower Hill Farm from his southeastern United States winter range. Northern Flickers Colaptes auratus, can be surprising and sometimes ruffle feathers of their fellow birds by not acting as a normal woodpecker should. I often see [...]

A Bestiary: Part Sixteen ~ Woodpeckers: Downy and Red-bellied Woodpecker

Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens)

The downy white belly of a Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens mirrors the white snowy landscape in our gardens and fields stretching down and deep into the forest on this chilly March morning. This third segment of Woodpeckers begins the sixteenth installment of A Bestiary, featuring two woodpeckers not often seen here at Flower Hill Farm. [...]

A Bestiary: Part Fifteen ~ Woodpeckers: Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)

  The second member of the Picidae family featured in ‘A Bestiary’ is the showy and industrious Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius. These brightly patterned woodpeckers are frequent visitors to the gardens here at Flower Hill Farm and are somewhat steward-like to a few of our apples, crabapples and hawthorns. The trees the sapsuckers adopt might be considered [...]

A Bestiary: Part Fourteen ~ Woodpeckers: Pileated Woodpecker

Pileated Woodpecker  (Dryocopus pileatus)

The avian slice of ‘A Bestiary’ continues with the Picidae family of woodpeckers . . . and where else to begin but with the most striking and strident of these birds . . .  North America’s own . . . Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus.  Walking about in the gardens and fields one early spring morning, [...]

A Bestiary: Part Thirteen ~ Hawks

Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus)

 As chill settles in on this first day of winter, more anecdotal beastly tales unfold in my latest installment of ‘A Bestiary: Tales From a Wildlife Garden.’  Chance encounters with wildlife always strike me as quite remarkable . . . just being in the right place at the right moment and being in that moment [...]

A Bestiary: Part Twelve ~ Turkey Vulture

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)

A Bestiary continues . . . with the raptor of the dead . . . the utterly critical and graceful . . . even when teetering . . . Turkey Vulture.  Dark as a moonless night this new world vulture . . . nature’s silent  black knight, Cathartes aura, emanates mystery while evoking macabre images from [...]

A Bestiary: Part Eleven ~ Wild Turkey

Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

  As crisp autumn air sweeps trees free of leaves, that float and flutter like bright butterflies twirling and falling into heaps of leafy carpeting . . .  ’A Bestiary . . . Tales from a Wildlife Garden’ continues with the princely Eastern Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris.) Moving on from the class of Mammalia [...]

A Bestiary: Part Ten ~ Virginia Opossum

Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

It is quiet this time of year and last nights cooler temperature has hushed the chorus of cicadas, crickets and tree frogs so that only the sun’s explosion of light and the tweets of soon to depart sibling Ruby-throated Hummingbirds break the silence of night. Migration of birds and butterflies are underway . . . [...]

A Bestiary: Part Nine ~ North American Porcupine

Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)

It is that hour when the hilly horizon loses its glow, color falls away into dusky gray values, as Veerys, Hermit and Wood Thrushes usher in darker tones of early evening. There is a softness to this time of overlapping day and night offering just enough light to see a dark form up in one [...]

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